Text/Reporter Chen Liang Wang Yuying
Photo/Yangcheng Evening News
A folk belief that is “unknown” has no classics and no classics. It originated in eastern Guangdong and has lasted for thousands of years and has remained popular. In Taiwan alone, there are more than 6 million believers. Its ancestral home has just been awarded the “Cross-Strait Exchange Base”, which is called “King of the Three Mountains”.
What is the “three”? Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawWhy are there three “mountains”? Where did the “King of the Kingdom Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw come from? What is the charm of this folk belief called “King of the Three Mountains”?
On November 4, the “Strait·Three Mountains·Four Seas” Sanshan King Academic Seminar, hosted by Yangcheng Evening News Group, co-organized by Sun Yat-sen University Humanities and Social Sciences Department, and the Guangdong Cross-Strait Exchange Promotion Association, was held on the South Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Campus. Zhang Ke, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Guangdong Provincial Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission, and Xiao Bing, Deputy Director of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, attended the seminar.
Explore the core of folk beliefs and promote communication and exchanges among Chinese and overseas Chinese
Since the “First Sanshan Ancestral Temple Academic Seminar” in Jiexi, Jieyang City in October 1992, more than 10 “Sanshan Kings” cultural scholars from Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, and Malaysia, China gathered again to discuss the development and current situation of the “Sanshan Kings” folk belief culture, as well as the history and path of its dissemination at home and abroad.
Four experts issued a keynote report, through the tracing of historical materials and the current situation, they explored the spiritual core of the folk belief of the “Three Mountains Kings” and demonstrated the important role played by the “Three Mountains Kings” culture in uniting the hearts of the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and promoting communication and exchanges between Chinese and overseas Chinese at home and abroad. Chen Chunsheng: The concept of “protecting the country and assassinating the people” is a common connection and vision for believers on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and overseas. Chen Chunsheng, professor of the Department of History and Science of Sun Yat-sen University and a researcher at the Center for Historical Anthropology of Shandong University. He also serves as the Chairman of the History Major of the Ministry of Education. Chen Chunsheng, chairman of the Steering Committee of the Ministry of Education, gave a title “National”The keynote report of consciousness and the spread of the faith of the Three Mountains Kings since the Song Dynasty. Chen Chunsheng has been associated with the Sanshan King culture for decades and has traveled all over Guangdong and Taiwan. He has thought deeply about the origin, development and cultural value of the Sanshan King’s folk beliefs. His academic thoughts and research methods have had a profound influence on the academic community. Chen Chunsheng quoted the explanation of Professor Wolfgang Franke of Hamburg University, Germany, who had taught for a long time in China and Malaysia, pointing out that the so-called “Three Mountain Kings” may be the remains of the ancient Yue people’s belief in mountain gods, and is related to ethnic minority customs, which are not unique to the Chaozhou area.
“The central dynasty’s recognition of folk beliefs such as the Sanshan King was a very effective and widely adopted method that the central dynasty in ancient China ruled the southern region.” In his speech, Chen Chunsheng focused on the interaction process between “national consciousness” and civil society. He believes that the practice of Song Huizong awarding the “Mingsheng” temple to Chaozhou’s “Three Shenshan” temple is a very typical expression of national consciousness in the developed southern civil society. Many Sanshan King Palaces and Temples in mainland China and Taiwan have plaques with “Protecting the Country and Safeguarding the People” hanging high, revealing the mentality of hope that the gods will maintain a balance between the “country” and the “people” so that both of them can benefit. Folk belief is one of the links between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. Many Babaylan 1990 cloth drawThe development of mainland folk belief traditions in Taiwan has also given the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to have more connection and communication fate.
Chen Chunsheng said that although the customs and habits in different parts of China are very different, China has long been a unified country. To determine whether a place understands and accepts the central ideology lies in the extent to which the local scholars and gentry class can consciously interpret local cultural traditions and customs in accordance with the “rituals and laws” of the court.
He emphasized that in traditional Chinese society, “national consciousness” is always there.Not here. In historical and cultural research, only by having a systematic grasp and deep understanding of national ideology and dynasty rules and regulations can we have a more intimate understanding of the changes in local and folk customs and beliefs and their significance.
Qiu Yangui: The Sanshan King Palace Temple has become an important historical evidence for the study of Taiwan’s immigration history. It is also a symbol of the ancestral homes of relatives in Chaoshan and Hakka towns in Taiwan. 1990 cloth draw. The teaching of the Department of Ancient Arts and Repair of the Taiwan University of the Arts Babaylan 1990 cloth draw taught Qiu Yangui’s report was titled “The Faith of the King of Sanshan, Taiwan”. He mentioned that Taiwanese believers had more communication with mainland people through the opportunity to go to the Sanshan Ancestral Temple in mainland China.
Qiu Yangui introduced that the phenomenon of the Three Mountains Kings in Taiwan is still regarded as a method of identification of Hakka groups in the 21st century, but in his opinion, this overly simple Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw method should be discussed again. He observed the reputation of the Sanshan King of Taiwan from the perspectives of social organization and ethnic relations, and summarized it into four types: “guild hall type”, “guest base type”, “anti-economic type”, and “chaohui Fulao type”. Among them, the number of “customer-bottom” and “anti-ban style” temples has reached about 80, with the largest size. After Taiwan’s industrialization in the 1970s, more “immigrant-type” temples appeared in the city.
Chen Zhiping: “Great Love” is the core meaning of folk belief
Xiamen University Chinese Studies ResearchProfessor Chen Zhiping, President of the Institute and President of the Chinese Ming History Society, gave a speech entitled “The Cultural Significance of the Faith of Mazu and the Sanshan Kings and Its Inheritance”. He believes that the belief in Mazu and the Sanshan King are both part of China’s excellent traditional culture. The core meaning is “urgent for the people”, full of “great love” spirit, and has the function of social education and culture. Folk culture, including the beliefs of Mazu and the Sanshan King, became one of the important channels for the spread of Chinese culture overseas after the 18th century.
Wang Chenfa: Studying the Three Mountains King is one of the responsibilities of reviving China
Director of the Malaysian Daoli AcademyKomiks 1960 witch clothes, Special to Communication University of Hanjiang, MalaysiaKomiks 1960 witch clothes drawAttached professor Wang Chen gave a speech entitled “The Social Organization and Educational Function of the Sanshan King Temple in Nanyang”, explaining what kind of transformation the Sanshan King culture has taken place after it has arrived overseas, and how to achieve harmony between change and unchange. He said that the study of the Sanshan King Temple, from the standpoint of national rejuvenation, examines how the Sanshan King Organization in various places constitutes the development, construction and maintenance of society, is one of the responsibilities of future generations and descendants to strive to revive China. Wang Chenfa suggested that the Sanshan King Palace and Temple can do the same thing at home and abroad – acting as a cultural carrier and spreading cultural confidence. We must take root from academic research, and then combine the advantages and characteristics of the Sanshan King culture to build a good brand to attract more people to understand the Chinese nation more comprehensively through the Sanshan King. Many new technologies can be used, such as AI, social charity work, participation in local environmental protection activities, etc., and use limited temple space to exert global influence.
Creative transformation and innovative development, scholars have insightful insights
How can the “grassroots” beliefs that have been rooted in the folk achieve creative transformation and innovative development? During the roundtable discussion session of the seminar, scholars put forward their own opinions.
Xiao Wenping, director and professor of the Hakka Institute of Jiaying College of Meizhou, pointed out that as a mountain god and a natural god, the King of Sanshan reflects the tradition of the Chinese nation’s fear of nature. His spirit of patriotism, love for the country, protecting villages, and guarding the land is Babaylan 1990 clothes drawThe people have established the concept of hometown, and the spirit of fairness, justice and justice they advocate also have important value in the contemporary era.
Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Professor Xie Guiwen believes that folk beliefs are important assets for the country, society, and people, with survival functions, integration functions and cognitive functions.
Chan Xianbo, a professor at South China Normal University, said that the history of the Three Mountains Kings is not only a history of folk beliefs, but also a history, social and economic history of regional development. It is also a history of mutual learning between Chinese history and civilizations. Wu Mengxian, associate professor at Jieyang Vocational and Technical College href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw said that his investigation found that ordinary people often regard the King of Sanshan as an important social bond in interpersonal communication.
Professor Lian Xinhao of Xiamen University suggested that the King of Sanshan can also learn from the successful cases of Mazu’s belief in the world, and the two sides of the Taiwan Strait work together.
Professor, doctoral supervisor, Chinese Academy of SciencesPresident Chen Zhiping pointed out that if the Sanshan Kingdom wants to achieve innovative cultural development, local governments should take the lead in promoting it.
Ou Junyong, associate professor at Hanshan Normal University, shared that as part of Jieyang culture, the King of Sanshan is actually “very vivid”. He had to go to the fields to have a real feeling.
Wen Jianqin, associate professor at Hanshan Normal University, said that when he tells students about Chinese cultural history and Chaoshan history and culture, he will use the Sanshan King as a case to analyze its cultural phenomena. The students are very interested and have developed related cultural and creative products.
Chin Lihua, a professor at Tsinghua University in Taiwan, mentioned that to let young people understand traditional culture, we must make good use of the “discourse” methods of young people such as movies, short videos, music, and comics.
Lin Guoping, a professor at Fujian Normal University, summarized that folk beliefs such as the King of Sanshan are an important part of Chinese traditional culture and are precious cultural heritage left to us by our ancestors. They should be cherished more.
The Sanshan King Cultural Documentary Premiere of “From the Three Mountains to the Four Seas” The Flowers of the Sanshan King Cultural Documentary Premiere was also held at the meeting. The documentary team went to Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Sanshan King’s Palace Temple in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Taiwan, China, and exchanged with the believers through Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw and related folklore scholars to record the inheritance and changes of the Sanshan King’s sacrificial culture, and showcase the profound historical, humanistic and social value of the Sanshan King’s culture accumulated over the past thousand years.
[Small Knowledge] “King of the Three Mountains” Folk Belief Culture
The “King of the Three Mountains” Folk Belief Culture originated in eastern Guangdong and is now widely spread to Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Its spirit of “protecting the country and safe people, peace and stability” has been respected by the people of all generations. Lintian Ancestral Temple located in Jieyang, Guangdong, is the ancestral temple of Sanshan King Palace Temple in the world.He was awarded the “Cross-Strait Exchange Base” in 2023.
