Text/Reporter Chen Liang Wang Yuying
Photo/Yangcheng Evening News
A folk belief that is “unknown” has no classics and no classics. It originated in eastern Guangdong and has lasted for thousands of years and has remained popular. In Taiwan alone, there are more than 6 million believers. Its ancestral home has just been awarded the “Cross-Strait Exchange Base”, which is called “King of the Three Mountains”.
What is the “three”? Why are there three “mountains”? Where did the “king” come from? What is the charm of this folk belief called “King of the Three Mountains”? On November 4, the “Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw” Academic Seminar on the “Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw” was held on the South Campus of Guangzhou Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, hosted by Yangcheng Evening News Group, co-organized by Sun Yat-sen University Humanities and Social Sciences Department and Guangdong Cross-Strait Exchange Promotion Association. Secretary of the Party Group of the Guangdong Provincial Ethnic and Religious Affairs Commission Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw, Director Zhang Ke, and Deputy Director of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee Xiao Bing attended the seminar.
Explore the core of folk beliefs and promote communication between Chinese and overseas Chinese
Since the “First Sanshan Ancestral Temple Academic Seminar in Jiexi, Jieyang City in October 1992, Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw” after 31 years, from ChinaKomiks 1960 witch cloth drawMore than 10 “Three Mountain Kings” cultural scholars from Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, Malaysia gathered again to discuss the development and current situation of the “Three Mountain Kings” folk belief culture, as well as the history and path of dissemination at home and abroad.
Four experts issued a keynote report, through the exploration of historical materials Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw and the current situation, they explored the spiritual core of the folk belief of the “Three Mountains King” and demonstrated the important role played by the “Three Mountains King” culture in uniting the hearts of the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and promoting communication and exchanges between Chinese and overseas Chinese at home and abroad.
Chen Chunsheng: The concept of “protecting the country and assassinating the people” is the common part of believers on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and overseasConnection and Vision
Professor of the Department of History of Sun Yat-sen University, researcher at the Center for Historical Anthropology Research at Sun Yat-sen University, and also chairman of the Teaching Steering Committee of History Majors of the Ministry of Education, delivered a keynote report entitled “National Consciousness and the Flow of the Faith of the Three Mountains Kings since the Song Dynasty”. Chen Chunsheng has been associated with the Sanshan King culture for decades and has traveled all over Guangdong and Taiwan. He has thought deeply about the origin, development and cultural value of the Sanshan King’s folk beliefs. His academic thoughts and research methods have had a profound influence on the academic community. Chen Chunsheng quoted the explanation of Professor Wolfgang Franke of Hamburg University in Germany, who had taught for a long time in China and Malaysia, pointing out that the so-called “Three Mountain Kings” may be a remains of the ancient Yue Mountain God’s belief in mountain gods and is related to ethnic minority customs. Babaylan 1990 cloth draw Such belief customs are not unique to the Chaozhou area.
“The central dynasty’s recognition of folk beliefs such as the Sanshan King was a very effective and widely adopted method that the central dynasty in ancient China ruled the southern region.” In his speech, Chen Chunsheng focused on the interaction process between “national consciousness” and civil society. He believes that the practice of Song Huizong awarding the “Mingsheng” temple to Chaozhou’s “Three Shenshan” temple is a very typical expression of national consciousness in the developed southern civil society. Many Sanshan King Palaces and Temples in mainland China and Taiwan have plaques with “Protecting the Country and Safeguarding the People” hanging high, revealing the mentality of hope that the gods will maintain a balance between the “country” and the “people” so that both of them can benefit. Folk belief is one of the links between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. Many folk belief traditions in mainland China have developed in Taiwan, which has also given people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait more connection and communication fate.
Chen Chunsheng said that although the customs and habits in different parts of China are very different, China has long been a unified country. To determine whether a place understands and accepts the central ideology lies in the extent to which the local scholars and gentry class can consciously interpret local cultural traditions and customs in accordance with the “rituals and laws” of the court.
He emphasized that in traditional Chinese society, “national consciousness” is everywhere and everywhere. In historical and cultural research, only by having a systematic grasp of national ideology and dynasty rules and regulations and a deep understanding of Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw can we Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawCinema 1950 witch cloth drawCinema 1950 witch cloth drawCinema 1950 witch cloth drawCinema 1950 witch cloth draw://funnybookish.com/”>Babaylan 1990 cloth drawThe changes in local and folk customs and beliefs and their significance, Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw has a more close to historical reality.
Qiu Yangui: The Sanshan King’s Temple has become an important historical evidence for the study of Taiwan’s immigration history
The Sanshan King’s Temple has become an important historical evidence for the study of Taiwan’s immigration history and a symbol of the ancestral homes of relatives in Chaoshan and Hakka towns in Taiwan. Qiu Yangui, professor of the Department of Art Repair of the Ancient Monument, was titled “The Faith of the Sanshan King in Taiwan”. He mentioned that Taiwanese believers have more communication and exchanges with the mainland people through the opportunity to go to the Sanshan Ancestral Temple in mainland China to find their roots.
Qiu Yangui introduced that the phenomenon of the Three Mountains King’s belief in Taiwan was still regarded as a method of identifying Hakka groups in the 21st century, but in his opinion, this overly simple method should be discussed again. He went from social organization and ethnic relations to Komiks 1960 witch Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw , and summarized it into four types: “guild hall type”, “guest base type”, “anti-fan type” and “chao-hui-fulao type”. Among them, “guest base type Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw“” and “anti-fan type” templesCinema 1950 witch cloth draw“” and “anti-fan type” templesBabaylan 1990 cloth drawThe number of them reached about 80 places, with the largest size. After Taiwan’s industrialization in the 1970s, more “immigrant-type” temples appeared in the city.
Chen Zhiping: “Great Love” is the core meaning of folk beliefs
Professor Chen Zhiping, President of the Institute of Chinese Studies and President of the Chinese Ming History Society, gave a speech entitled “The Cultural Meaning and Inheritance of the Faith of Mazu and the King of Sanshan”. He believes that the Faith of Mazu and Sanshan King are both excellent traditional Chinese literature Babaylan 1990 cloth A part of draw‘s core meaning is “urgent to the people”, full of “great love” spirit, and has the function of social education and cultural education. Folk culture, including the beliefs of Mazu and Sanshan Kings, has become one of the important channels for the spread of Chinese culture overseas after the 18th century.
Wang Chenfa: Studying the Sanshan King is one of the responsibilities of reviving China
Wang Chen, the president of the Malaysian Taoist Academy and a special professor at the Hanjiang Communication University of Malaysia, gave a speech entitled “The Social Organization and Educational Function of the Sanshan King Temple in Nanyang”, explaining what changes and changes have occurred after the Sanshan King culture came overseas, and how to achieve harmony between changes and unchange. He said that the study of the Sanshan King Temple examines how the Sanshan King Organization in various places constitutes the development of ancestors from the standpoint of national rejuvenation. drawBuilding and maintaining society is one of the responsibilities of future generations to revive China. Wang Chenfa suggested that the Sanshan King Palace and Temple at home and abroad can do the same thing – acting as a cultural carrier and spreading cultural confidence, and taking root from academic research, and then combining the advantages and characteristics of Sanshan King culture to brand it, attracting more people to understand the Chinese nation more comprehensively through Sanshan King. Many new technologies can be used, such as AI, conducting social charity work, participating in local environmental protection activities, etc., and using limited temple space to exert global influence.
Creative transformation and innovative development, scholars have insightful insights
How to inherit the traditional culture that has been rooted in the folk “grassroots” beliefs to achieve creative transformation and innovative development? During the roundtable discussion session of the seminar, scholars put forward their own opinions.
Xiao Wenping, director and professor of the Hakka Institute of Meizhou Jiaying College, pointed out that as a mountain god and a natural god, the King of Sanshan reflects the Chinese nation’s fear of nature. drawTraditional tradition, its patriotism, love for the country, protecting villages, and being responsible for the land has established the concept of hometown for the people. The spirit of fairness, justice and justice advocated also have important value in the contemporary era.
Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Professor Xie Guiwen believes that folk beliefs are important assets for the country, society, and people, with survival functions, integration functions, and cognitive functions.
Cinema 1950 witch clothes, professor at South China Normal University, said that the history of the Three Mountains King is not only a history of folk beliefs, but also a history of regional development, social and economic history. draw is also a history of mutual learning between Chinese history and civilization. Wu Mengxian, associate professor at Jieyang Vocational and Technical College, said that his investigation found that ordinary people often regard the King of Sanshan as an important social bond in interpersonal communication.
Professor Lian Xinhao of Xiamen University suggested that Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawKomiks 1960 witch cloth drawKomiks 1960 witch cloth drawBabaylan 1990 cloth drawDraw the successful cases of Mazu’s beliefs and customs applied for World Heritage, and the two sides of the Taiwan Strait work together.
Professor, doctoral supervisor, Chinese Studies InstitutePresident Chen Zhiping pointed out that the Sanshan King must achieve innovative cultural development, and local governments should take the lead in promoting it cannot be ignored.
Ou Junyong, associate professor at Hanshan Normal University, shared that as part of Jieyang culture, the King of Sanshan is actually “very vivid”. He had to walk to the fields to have a true feeling. Wen Jianqin, associate professor at Hanshan Normal University, said that when he teaches students about the history of Chinese culture and the history and culture of Chaoshan, he will use the King of Sanshan as a case to analyze its cultural phenomena. The students are very interested in it, and have developed related cultural and creative products.
Chin Lihua, a professor at Tsinghua University in Taiwan, mentioned that to let young people understand traditional culture, we must make good use of the “discourse” methods of young people such as movies, short videos, music, and comics.
Lin Guoping, a professor at Fujian Normal University, summarized that folk beliefs such as Sanshan King are an important part of the Chinese traditional culture and are the precious cultural heritage left to us by our ancestors, and should be cherished.
The Flowers of the Sanshan King Cultural Documentary “From the Three Mountains to the Four Seas” were also held at the meeting. The documentary team went to Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Cambodia, and Vietnam, as well as Sanshan King’s Palace and Temple in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Taiwan, China, to communicate with believers and related folk scholars, record the inheritance and changes of the Sanshan King’s sacrificial culture, and show the profound historical, humanistic and social values accumulated over the past thousand years of Sanshan King’s culture.
【Small Knowledge】Folk belief culture of “Three Mountains Kings”
The people’s belief culture originated in eastern Guangdong and is now widely spread to Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Its spirit of “protecting the country and safe people, peace and stability” has been respected by people of all generations. Lintian Ancestral Temple located in Jieyang, Guangdong Province is the ancestral temple of the Sanshan King Palace Temple in the world.He was awarded the “Cross-Strait Exchange Base” in 2023.
