Lingnan’s “Grey Batch Top Scholars” and “Music Masters” all come from Sanshan Village, Shawan Town, Panyu
In Shawan Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, there is an ancient village called “Craftsman Village” – Sanshan Village Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw. The ancient temple of the ancestors in the village is also the only “Luban Temple” discovered in Guangdong Province.
In the old days, 70% or 80% of the men in Sanshan Village were ancient building repair craftsmen. They involved many jobs such as ancient building plasterers, gray plastic, brick carvings, carpenters, murals, etc. They traveled along the waterways across the Pearl River Delta and made a living by making a good craftsmanship.
What kind of story does this ancient craftsman village have? Recently, the reporter came to Sanshan Village for an in-depth interview.
There is an ancient: Sanshan Craftsmen wherever the waterway reaches. Sanshan Village is located at the west gate of Panyu District, separated from Shunde, and there are many farmlands and ponds in the village. It is a typical Lingnan water town. The “three goodnesses” in Sanshan Village refer to “goodness, virtue and blessing”, which embodies the beautiful wishes of the ancestors.
”Before 1949, more than 75% of the males in Sanshan Village were ancient building craftsmen. At that time, women farmed at home and took children, while males took boats to work in mud and water along the waterway.” Huang Qunqing, 65 years old this year, is from Zini Village, Shawan, and is neighboring Sanshan Village. “Although they are two villages, they are as close as the same village.”
Huang Qunqing also came from a family of craftsmen and dealt with ancient buildings all his life. “I am familiar with every type of ancient building construction and decoration, civil engineering, decoration, gray plastic, brick carving, and wood carving.” At the age of 15, Huang Qunqing followed his father to travel to the Pearl River Delta, “doing mud and water work”, and participated in the renovation of Baomo Garden and Yuyin Mountain House. Speaking of the wandering life of craftsmen, Li Guangyong, a villager engaged in mural restoration, told reporters: “My father, Li Jieming, is also a muralist. He has been engaged in mural drawing and restoration for more than 40 years and has traveled throughout the entire Zhuhai San Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw corner area, and it is all rowing. If there is no convenient waterway, Babaylan 1990Cloth draw is not as famous as the craftsmen in Sanshan Village. ”
Li Guangyong is creating a gray-sculpted work. Photo/Li Bo
Li Guangyong told reporters that Sanshan Village is close to the Zi Ni River and Shunde Waterway, and is connected to the main channel of the Pearl River. “Where the river flows to and where the passenger ship arrives, there are craftsmen in Sanshan Village. ”
It is understood that the places where craftsmen in Sanshan Village often go to include Dongguan, Foshan, Taishan and other places. In Li Guangyong’s memory, every year on the fourth and fifth day of the Lunar New Year, craftsmen leave home to return to the construction site. During the mid-year festival, craftsmen may not come back, but on the day of “Master’s Day” (the 13th of the sixth lunar month every year), they will definitely return from rowing, dress neatly, come to the temple early, say hello to each other, and pay homage to the “ancestor” Lu Ban.
Architect: The ancient temple group of Aoshan is sealed with saddle style Firewall
Recently, the reporter followed ancient construction experts and villagers to visit the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group. The ancient temple group is located in Fuchun Road, Sanshan Village. The building covers an area of 557.7 square meters, with a magnificent appearance.
The ancient temple group is backed by Aoshan, which is surrounded by green Aoshan, and is surrounded by a square and a Fengshui pond in front of the temple. The ancient temple group is lined from north to south: Shennong Ancient Temple, Xianshi Ancient Temple, Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baoen Temple, and Chaoyin Pavilion, so it is called the “Ancient Temple Group”.
Aoshan Ancient Temple Group located in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
Ancient Architecture Experts said that the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group is one of the few large temple groups in Panyu District. The architectural layout and sculpture art of the temple group have high artistic value. In 2000, it was announced as the history of internal control in Guangzhou. drawCultural Protection Area; in July 2002, it was incorporated into “Aoshan Ancient Building” and announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Guangzhou.
Babaylan 1990 clothes draw Experts said that the uniqueness of the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group lies in the design of the fire wall. Most Lingnan buildings use a wok-ear-house-style fire wall, but the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-style fire wall. Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw This is very rare in the entire Guangdong Province.
Herry-shaped volcanic gable wall, gray-shaped volcanic ridge picture/Li Bo
It is said that except for Fengning Temple in Shiwan Town, Foshan City and Pan Clan Ancestral Hall in Shixiang Village, Shixiang Town, Duyang Town, Yunfu Yuncheng District, it is difficult to find traces of saddle-style volcanic walls in Guangdong Province.
Craftsmen: The gray sculptures and wood carvings of the Chen Family Ancestral Academy are both handed by Sanshan craftsmen
Liang Mou, a researcher in folk culture in Panyu District, introduced that in the Ming Dynasty, many folk craftsmen had gathered in Sanshan Village. “In the Qing Dynasty, the court selected skilled craftsmen from all over the country. Only after passing the assessment could they participate in the construction of the Summer Palace. At that time, the craftsmen in Sanshan Village were selected to participate.”
Sanshan Village Chairman Li Zhipei introduced that many famous ancient architecture craftsmen also appeared in the history of Sanshan Village. The most representative figures were Jin Yaosheng and Lao Cuixi. Jin Yaosheng was the “top scholar of the gray batch” in Lingnan, Lao Cuixi was the “master of murals”, Chen Family Ancestral Gray Sculptures and Lingnan buildings around PanyuKomiks 1960 witch cloth drawmany of them were written by both of them. In addition, many exquisite wood carvings in the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the most famous ancestral hall in Guangzhou, are also masterpieces of the Sanshan craftsmen back then.
Lao Yaochun, an 81-year-old villager in Sanshan, was once an ancient building construction technician and worked as a deputy manager at Shawan Construction Company. He also has another identity – the grandchild of Lao Cuixi.
”My brother Lao Zhuoqian and grandfather Lao Cuixi are both muralists, and many murals in the Nanfanshun area are from them.” Usually, Lao Yaochun always likes to visit the ancient temple complex of Aoshan. “When you look up here, you may see the murals of grandpa and brother.”
When talking about another Lingnan gray sculpture master Jin Yaosheng from Sanshan Village, Lao Yaochun gave a thumbs up. “The gray sculptures of Chen Jiaci were made by Master Jin Yaosheng as the foreman.” In Sanshan Village, Jin Yaosheng’s gray sculptures were made by Jin Yaosheng as the foreman.”The work “Three Heroes of the Wind and Dust” is still placed under the front eaves of the Luban Temple. Its style is like the landscape of the southern country, with a refreshing literary texture.
It is understood that as the Chen Family Ancestral Hall of the Chen Family Family in the 72 counties in the province, the entire project gathers famous craftsmen and manufacturers from all over the province. Among them, gray plastic decoration was provided by Jin Yaosheng, the “gray batch top scholar” at that time. It is precisely because of these top craftsmen that the Chen Family Temple, a fine ancient building that has been created, has been the masterpiece of the architectural art of Lingnan in history.
Villages restore Luban Temple and later generations praise craftsmen
Luban has been respected by craftsmen as the “ancestor” and “father of all craftsmen” since ancient times. The three Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawShancun LuCinema 1950 witch cloth drawBan Temple is hidden in the Aoshan ancient temple group in the village. The ancient temple group is connected by five ancient temples. The most distinctive of them is the ancient temple of the ancestors, who are dedicated to Luban. The temple is currently the only folk-industry temple dedicated to “Lu Ban” discovered in Guangdong Province. It has a history of more than 300 years. From Sanshan Village to Babaylan 1990 clothes draw, it still retains the traditional celebration of “Master’s Birth”.
Luban Temple in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
The most distinctive among the ancient temple groups is the ancient temple of the ancestor, namely the Luban Temple. The temple was first built in the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty and has been renovated several times. Expert survey data shows that the ancient temple of the Master is located in the northeast and southwest. It has three rooms and three entrances, covering an area of 105.74 square meters.
The second and third entrances are hard tops, with herringbone sealed volcanic gable walls, gray plastic and ancient ridges, gray tube tiles, and blue brick walls. As soon as he entered the worship pavilion, he was decorated with many murals. The murals were rich in content, including figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc., and his painting skills were superb. The granite stone door frame of the mountain gate, the stone forehead is engraved with the “Xianshi Ancient Temple” and the wall fence is decorated with the mural of the “Eight Immortals Drunk”.
”In 1993, I took the villagers to pay attentionAfter the ancient temple was built, the Lu Ban statues were remade based on old photos. “Huang Qunqing told reporters that before the reconstruction, some parts were collapsed and dilapidated. “Babaylan 1990 cloth drawThe best preserved are the murals on the wall and the street bricks on the floor. At that time, many murals were painted with white ash, and the workers carefully cleaned them up to Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw to let these exquisite murals see the light of day again. ”
At the two entrances of the rebuilt ancient temple, the reporter saw two couplets. The couplets at the back hall were “The great craftsman and high doors were all inclusive; the rules and regulations were established and the Huai (the word “Huai”) were ancient and modern”; the couplets at the front hall were “Komiks 1960 witch clothes drawThe rules set square and round Yi Shike abide by this method, and the ink rope is divided into curves and straight and uses its materials well.” Huang Qunqing told reporters that these two couplets were written by later generations during the renovation, demonstrating the connotation and professional principles of craftsmanship.
Huang Qunqing said that since the restoration of Luban Temple, Sanshan Village will spontaneously hold a master’s birthday (i.e. Luban Day). If you cannot come back, the craftsmen of Sanshan Village will celebrate at the construction site. “I have a special relationship with this Luban Temple. I will come back every year when the master’s birthday. ”
Development: Selected as the second batch of national characteristic towns
Li Zhipei, chairman of Sanshan Village, said that in the past, seven of the entire village were engaged in the construction industry, and now only a few craftsmen are still sticking to it. “In the past, ancient buildings were focused on slow work and meticulous work. Sometimes a worker could only build 25 blue bricks a day and lay 3 step bricks in Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw. In the eyes of young people, craftsmen dealing with bricks and mud is a physical job, and they don’t like to do it. “Li Zhipei said.
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian is from Sanshan Village. His father was a Shawan plasterer. He learned art from his father since he was a child and has devoted himself to studying gray plastic art for more than 50 years. His works have been used in Shawan Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baomo Garden, Nanyue Garden, Qinghui Garden, Xishan Temple, Nanhua Temple, Shunfeng Park, etc.
Now, Liang Mian opens a training studio in Sanshan Village to inherit gray plastic skills. “I have a small gray plastic workbench at home. My grandchildren like it very much. I can learn it as soon as I learn it. I will teach them when I am free.”
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian Photo/Li Bo
Building craftsman has always been passed down in the form of master and apprenticeBabaylan 1990 Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawInherited that he had never entered the school and became a subject. However, Shancun offered courses such as gray plastic in primary schools and kindergartens, which were popular among children.
In a small street shop in Sanshan Village, Li Guangyong is creating a gray-plastic work called “Eight Immortals Picture”. “This work was originally prepared to participate in the village’s Luban Festival exhibition this year, but unfortunately I didn’t get it. I missed it. It’s good to miss it, you can calm down and polish it slowly.”
While chatting with reporters, Li Guangyong held a handful of multi-head wood cone and pressed it on the gray-plastic panel, making it easier for the panel to hang clay material. “It’s not time to display this year, so I’ll wait for next year.” In 2017, Sanshan Village was selected into the second batch of national characteristic towns. Li Zhipei said that Sanshan Village has a history of more than 800 years, and the commemoration of Luban will become the village’s annual festival – “Luban Festival”.
Li Zhipei also proposed to build a Luban Cultural Square to the north of the ancient temple and build a craftsman museum to collect and exhibit the works of craftsmen in the province, attracting more young people to learn. In the future, Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw will build Sanshan Village into a characteristic town of craftsmen in Lingnan.
Inheritance: Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawLet young craftsmen see career prospects
Zhu Qiuli said that urban and rural historical and cultural heritage is mainly protected by craftsmen. Now most of them are over 50 years old in this industry, and no successor is a common problem. “The lack of vocational education and the narrow teaching of masters and apprentices has exacerbated the crisis of craftsmen’s inheritance.”
How to solve the problem of craftsmen’s inheritance? Zhu Qiuli believes that to retain craftsmen, we must first have encouragement policies. Old artists must have the right status. With the status, they must also have corresponding cultural heritage allowances and guarantee mechanisms. “Traditional architectural craftsmanship, like modern architectural decoration, must have professional title assessment, so that young craftsmen can see their career prospects.”
”As craftsmen grow old, ancient building construction technology also grows old. For example, there are no more good players in the market to build bamboo trellis. This is also a traditional craft for restoring ancient buildings. The bamboo trellis is lightweight and suitable for repairing one or two floors of ancient buildings, which is more convenient than iron racks.” Ancient building repair expert Ouyang Lun told reporters.
A ancient architecture expert told reporters: “Now that government departments have vigorously promoted the activities of famous craftsmen, the status and treatment of craftsmen have gradually improved. In addition to paying attention to a few famous craftsmen, we should also pay attention to ordinary craftsmen. Only in this way can we not deviate from the essence of protecting ancient buildings and their traditional craftsmen.”
The expert believes that the value of craftsmen lies in inheriting traditional technologies and striving for excellence. Craftsman talents are the basic guarantee for restoring the original appearance of ancient buildings. Attention to craftsmen reflects respect for traditional values. Only when craftsmen succeed, these precious ancient building construction techniques and spiritual qualities attached to Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw will be preserved. (Xiao Guilai)
Source｜Guangzhou Daily
Editor｜Cui Wencan
Intern editor｜He Haoxian